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Emergence of Molecular Genetics

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Molecular genetics is defined as a scientific discipline concerned with the structure, function, and manipulation of genes at the molecular level.   It begins to emerge in 1871 from the discovery of Nucleic acid by F. Meister and the description of cell division in 1875 by E Strausberger but it grows rapidly after the rediscovery of Mendel’s paper in 1900. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance by Sutton and bovery in 1902 laid the foundation for the molecular basis of the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring followed by detailed descriptions of events like sex linkage by T.H Morgan in 1910 and QTL Mapping by sax in 1923. The theory of one gene-one enzyme hypothesis was proposed by Beadle and Tatum in 1941 which help in understanding various metabolic pathways. An important breakthrough in the field of genetics is marked in 1953 when the double helix model of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick, resulting in a huge curiosity among the scientists to know about the molecular me...

Applications of CRISPR Cas9 in crop improvement

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Right from the beginning genetics has always been an interesting field as it gives us an insight into the genetic constitution of our body, which governs nearly each and every trait of an organism via the central dogma of life. Since the 1970s scientists have made several attempts at genetic manipulation in plants and different organisms to tackle some of the most harmful diseases like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and many more. One of the most advanced techniques in this field is CRISPR Cas9 which is the easiest, cheapest, and fastest as compared to others. CRISPR Stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats which can be characterized as one of the main parts of the Bacterial Immune system to prevent itself from attacks by viruses. The working of CRISPR Cas9 can be understood by the mechanism that when a virus attacks a bacteria by injecting its DNA into the cell, the CRISPR System makes a double-stranded cut in the viral DNA at specific points and inte...

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

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“If we pollute the air, water, and soil that keep us alive and well, and destroy the biodiversity that allows natural systems to function, no amount of money will save us.” As said by David Suzuki, an environmental activist is holding its practical meaning today when we are on the verge of losing our biological diversity at the fastest rate ever since human civilization. From economy to environment, water to weather, soil to shelter, fire to food, and even for most of our medicines we are still dependent on our nature and its biodiversity but even after being so much reliant on nature we humans are still living in the dreams and we are just exploiting our nature more than its limit and inviting destruction both for us and the future generations. The increasing deforestation, industrialization, urbanization, eutrophication, and biomagnifications are directly or indirectly decreasing our biological diversity and their habitat which result in the decreasing carrying capacity of our nature...

Climate Change - The Uncertain evil

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As we all know the biggest global problem we are facing is climate change. Although it affects all the dimensions of our earth, agriculture and biodiversity are vulnerable. The unpredictable pattern of rainfall and extreme climatic events make farmers more vulnerable to committing suicide and weakening their economic condition, especially in developing countries. With these thoughts in mind, I want to share my poetic work under the title                           " Climate Change - The Uncertain evil " Flood in this season Drought in the next In this uncertain situation we can not be at rest This threat has shaken the nation Full of danger and strange The biggest global problem we called it climate change It affects all the world From humans to the Vulture But the biggest threat it poses Is on the backbone of agriculture When I need water for irrigation I see the sky for some rain But not even a drop to drink all my hard w...

Soil- Our Natural Mother

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. As we all know SOIL is a living body and one of the most fundamental elements of our life and it supports millions of forms of life ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, maintaining a balance in our ecosystem and the most important for agriculture all over the world. It just acts like our mother in this nature. At present, the non-judicious use of chemicals in agriculture is posing a major threat to its health and other non-judicious mechanical operations destroy its structure as well as decrease both soil fertility as well as productivity. Keeping these thoughts in mind I want to share my creative work on this issue under the title "SOIL- Our Natural Mother"                                                           Soil- Our Natural Mother                             ...

The Stabbing Knife of Malnutrition

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Food is one of the components of our life, which we often take for granted sometimes. If one has faced the difficulty of getting food even for one day, He can understand the vitality of this component. For keeping us energetic and proper growth and development, it is very essential that we don't only focus on food, but more on the nutritional aspect of the food. It is not about just filling the stomach with some grains or cereals, the diet which we are taking must contribute to the nutritional requirement of our body otherwise our hunger will convert into hidden hunger and we might show the symptoms of malnutrition and undernutrition which can affect our ability to fight with infections and common disease. But there are some people in this world, for whom getting even a one-day meal in a day is a luxury. They constitute people from all the age groups, but the most seriously affected are the kids, who lost their childhood, dreams, and sometimes even their life in struggling for gett...

Phosphorus and Environment.

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Phosphorus is one of the most important elements on earth both for plants as well as for animals. It is one of the main elements of DNA, RNA, Protein, amino acid, and cell membrane in the form of phospholipids and so it forms the very basis of life in all living organisms. For plants, it is the second most vital element in their growth and development after nitrogen and is one of the critical elements for plant growth among NPK. Due to its vital need in agriculture, Phosphorus fertilizers like DAP, NPK, SSP are also among the most expensive and important inputs in a cropping season. The simple cycle of the phosphorous can be easily explained from the following process Humans take phosphorus from plants, plants take phosphorus from soil, the soil has phosphorus from the weathering of the rocks/Parent material and by decomposition of organic matter and input of fertilizers. From the above process, it can easily be understood that phosphorus is a finite nonrenewable resource that might ge...